第 45 至 48 題為題組 West Nile is a tropical disease that begins in birds, which pass it on to mosquitoes that then go on to infect human beings with a bite. Most people who contract West Nile do not experience any symptoms at all, but, if they do, symptoms typically develop between 3 to 14 days after a mosquito bite. About 1 in 5 persons suffers fever, headaches, and body aches, usually lasting a week or so. A far less lucky 1 in 150 experiences high fever, tremors, paralysis, and coma. Some—especially the elderly and those with weak immune systems—die. 這段沒有講政府效率或什麼的 That is what made the major outbreaks of West Nile in the U.S. in the summer of 2012 so scary. The situation was particularly bad in Dallas, Texas, where the West Nile virus killed 10 people and sickened more than 200. The city declared a state of emergency and began aerial spraying of a pesticide to kill the mosquitoes, even though residents argued that the pesticide could be more dangerous than the disease. 這段講到「這個城市宣佈緊急狀況」，並開始處理如空中噴灑滅蚊劑 Why was the summer of 2012 so hospitable to the West Nile virus and the mosquitoes that carry it? Blame the weather. An extremely mild winter allowed more mosquitoes than usual to survive, while the unusually high temperatures in that scorching summer further increased their number by speeding up their life cycle. The economic crisis may have also played a role: Homeowners who were not able to pay their bank loans were forced to abandon their properties, sometimes leaving behind swimming pools that made excellent mosquito breeding grounds. The severity of tropical diseases is also a matter of whether governments are capable—and willing— to defend their populations against infections. Dallas County was not doing some of the key things to slow the spread of West Nile, such as testing dead birds and setting mosquito traps to test for the presence of the disease. Tropical infections are thus as much related to government inaction as they are to climate. 因此，熱帶感染與政府不作為和氣候有關。 45. What is this passage mainly about? (A) West Nile and methods to fight it. (B) West Nile and governmental efficiency. (C) West Nile and the conditions its virus thrives in. (D) West Nile and its relation to tropical diseases. 由於這是考題，坦白說不需要也無法考慮「Time 原文」，也不能考慮作者 的原意，只能用考題解考題 the conditions it virus thrives in thrive ├ grow or develop well or vigorously └ Prosper; flourish.

最近我很愛「Oxford Dictionary」，因此就用 Oxford Dictionary 當範例 來進行翻譯。若我需要進行更準確的「翻譯」，我通常會仔細的對照到底 「解說中的哪一個」匹配原來的句子，舉例來說 can ┬ 1 Be able to │ ├ 1.1 through acquired knowledge or skill │ │ 例句: I can speak Italian. │ │ 我會說意大利語。 │ ├ 1.2 Have the opportunity or possibility to. │ │ 例句: there are many ways holidaymakers can take │ │ money abroad │ │ 度假者有很多方法可以把錢帶到國外 │ ├ 1.3 Used to indicate that something is typically │ │ the case │ │ 例句: he could be very moody. │ │ 他可能會很喜怒無常 例句由 Google 翻譯進行翻譯，而也會發現 Google 翻譯將 can 翻譯為 「會、可以、可能」，如此 Flying planes can be dangerous. 飛行中的飛機會有一定的危險性。(can = have the opportunity to) 駕駛飛機會有一定的危險性。 我一直記得這件事。今天才有空回覆，我不確定我翻的好些。但如果真的要 針對單字進行特別解析，我會去找 Oxford Dictionary，然後把單字的詳細 意思做成樹狀圖，然後找樹狀圖裡面意思能與句子裡的意思匹配的，然後再 試著找到比較符合字典解說的翻譯方式。 希望有幫上你的忙。

作者 Ricas (RicasClass) 看板 RicasClass 標題 Fw: [閒聊] Present Particple and Gerund 時間 Fri Feb 9 18:50:18 2018 ─────────────────────────────────────── 這有點像神風特攻隊的意思。凡看到在飛的飛機，航母就要小心了。 這有點像對粗心大意的機長說的。如果這樣的機長開飛機，那是一件 危險的事。

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來源: https://goo.gl/nd1Yzz Fortune cookies, commonly served after meals at Chinese restaurants in the U.S., are characterized by a fortune, which is written on a small piece of paper tucked inside the cookie. There are several __31__ stories about the origin of the fortune cookie. None of them, however, has been proven to be entirely true. One of these stories __32__ the cookie’s origin back to 13th- a nd 14th-century China, which was then occupied by the Mongols. According to the legend, notes of __33__ plans for a revolution to overthrow the Mongols were hidden in mooncakes that would ordinarily have been stuffed with sweet bean paste. The revolution turned out to be __34__ and eventually led to the formation of the Ming Dynasty. This story may sound highly credible, but there seems to be no solid evidence that it inspired the creation of the __35__ we know of today as fortune cookies. Another __36__ claims that David Jung, a Chinese immigrant living in Los Angeles, created the fortune cookie in 1918. Concerned about the poor people he saw wandering near his shop, he made cookies and passed them out free on the streets. Each cookie __37__ a strip of paper inside with an inspirational Bible quotation on it. However, the more generally accepted story is that the fortune cookie first __38__ in either 1907 or 1914 in San Francisco, created by a Japanese immigrant, Makoto Hagiwara. The fortune cookie was based on a Japanese snack, but Hagiwara sweetened the recipe to appeal to American __39__. He enclosed thank- you notes in the cookies and served them to his guests with tea. Within a few years, Chinese restaurant owners in San Francisco had copied the recipe and __40__ the thank-you notes with fortune notes. Such fortune cookies became common in Chinese restaurants in the U.S. after World War II. (A) account (B) appeared (C) competing (D) contained (E) replaced (F) secret (G) successful (H) tastes (I) traces (J) treats 之前提到 先猜測並且分類詞性，再掃描適當的位置填入。但另一種很明顯的傳統 方法，就是直接填 直接填入法 例如 __40__ 的確可以直接填。 Chinese restaurant owners in San Francisco had copied the recipe and __40__ the thank-you notes with fortune notes. 這裡很明顯使用 replaced。意思是把 the fortune cookie 裡面的謝謝紙條 改為改為 fortune notes 這裡要補充的是，and 雖然很古老又非常「簡單」，但對解題來說，and 是非 常關鍵的 keyword。這裡第 40 格很明顯要填過去分詞，掃描答案長得像是個 過去分詞的就只有 (B) appeared (D) contained (E) replaced，而 had copied 複製了… 並以「thank-you notes」來取代 fortune notes 感覺非常的合理。 因此，一看完就想選 (E) replaced A with B

來源: https://goo.gl/nd1Yzz Fortune cookies, commonly served after meals at Chinese restaurants in the U.S., are characterized by a fortune, which is written on a small piece of paper tucked inside the cookie. There are several __31__ stories about the origin of the fortune cookie. None of them, however, has been proven to be entirely true. One of these stories __32__ the cookie’s origin back to 13th- a nd 14th-century China, which was then occupied by the Mongols. According to the legend, notes of __33__ plans for a revolution to overthrow the Mongols were hidden in mooncakes that would ordinarily have been stuffed with sweet bean paste. The revolution turned out to be __34__ and eventually led to the formation of the Ming Dynasty. This story may sound highly credible, but there seems to be no solid evidence that it inspired the creation of the __35__ we know of today as fortune cookies. Another __36__ claims that David Jung, a Chinese immigrant living in Los Angeles, created the fortune cookie in 1918. Concerned about the poor people he saw wandering near his shop, he made cookies and passed them out free on the streets. Each cookie __37__ a strip of paper inside with an inspirational Bible quotation on it. However, the more generally accepted story is that the fortune cookie first __38__ in either 1907 or 1914 in San Francisco, created by a Japanese immigrant, Makoto Hagiwara. The fortune cookie was based on a Japanese snack, but Hagiwara sweetened the recipe to appeal to American __39__. He enclosed thank- you notes in the cookies and served them to his guests with tea. Within a few years, Chinese restaurant owners in San Francisco had copied the recipe and __40__ the thank-you notes with fortune notes. Such fortune cookies became common in Chinese restaurants in the U.S. after World War II. (A) account (B) appeared (C) competing (D) contained (E) replaced (F) secret (G) successful (H) tastes (I) traces (J) treats

有進展 progress 最近發現了 LONGMAN 字典真的不錯，那我們就來用用看吧。 https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/progress 文法 LONGMAN 字典很有趣，多了個小單元，告訴我們「progress 不加 a」 Progress is an uncountable noun: ├ She is making good progress. (o) └ Don’t say: She is making a good progress. (x) Progress is not used with ‘a’. Progress 有3種意思： ├ 進步進展 the process of getting better at doing something, │ │ or getting closer to finishing or achieving something │ └ 介系詞 on │ Little progress has been made on human rights issues. │ 照樣造句可得 │ Little progress has been made on the construction │ of my website. ├ 緩慢或穩定的移動到某處 └ (人類文明的)發展

1月27日 在寫「Ricas 看板上的早安新日」英文版本的時候，用到了大量的 progress (進展)。想仿造 suggest (動詞) 來個單字的深度解析。 事實上我在寫 There is/There are progress 的時候有想到 make(v) progress 像這樣的真動詞寫法。但因為寫作的時間有限、 單字知識也有限而暫時無法造出更好的句子。但我認為單字更好 的掌握是造句的核心。 原本很完美主義的想把 BigBunny RicasClass 和 Ptt2 RicasClass 打造的一樣。但 Ptt2 RicasClass 尚有 50篇文章在最前方。於是 裹足不前。想想還是乾脆就不要這麼完美了。就讓 BigBunny RicasClass 保有最純真的「新」樣子，從 50+ 再開始同步就可以了。而且就 直接讓文章是不同步的就可以了。

昨天、今天，司機的風格迥異。 昨天的司機堅持只要停靠、啟動，公車就絕對不開門； 而今天，司機在可以接受的範圍內，還是願意開門讓乘客上車。 20年前我是前面那種司機。我的心跟鐵一樣的硬 我對規則與法律看得比人還重。 20年後，我是後面這種司機，在我可以負擔得起的範圍內， 能盡力服務乘客是我的責任與本分。 Ptt2 的溫暖是有原因的。在法律與規則之外。我真心照顧每一個 user。 創造那種心的向心力。 不能當站長是有原因的。我深愛我的家人。我需要把人生最精華的一切留給他們。 創造家的向心力。 昨夜跟妻子長談，很有 MSN 的感覺。 我們是透過 facebook, MSN messenger 交往的。 昨夜跟妻子長談。在這空氣網路系統裡，我們談婚禮、談未來、談孩子.. 真的是「談心」。談小舅舅、小舅媽對我的「貼心」舉動。 但我們卻不再需要透過 facebook, MSN messenger，我們就這樣面對面坐著， 用愛發電，聊的天南地北。我的家像是個家。 今早出門，路過某家咖啡店，裝潢舒適華麗，每個人都在用 3C (6/6, 100%) 都是一個人坐著。 我想定義的 Web 3.0 是「讓你的對面可以坐個人」。 讓家像個家，讓情侶像是情侶。 早晨。等公車，排我前面的情侶，一人一iPhone。2個人都在看手機。 最重要的人就在旁邊。為什麼不看旁邊的人的臉？ 花在手機上的秒數遠遠超越 Say Goodbye 的那一秒。這是什麼人生？ 兒子今天挑戰自己走路上學。 他全程牽著我的手。我很感動。能「放下」BBS。牽起他的手。 他走完全程。沒有要抱抱。還跟我講了很多故事。 出門時我幫他把褲管塞雨鞋裡。我說這樣很有效(effective)。 而他忽然蹦出：「有效你好」 接著：「有效在哪裡？」 接得我一頭霧水... 但我覺得好有趣。

公司接近。我今天正在想知識整合。意味著我在思考學德文，來了解黑格爾的思想， 平行思考中，我發現學法文，或許可以更了解笛卡兒 笛卡兒最重要的一句就是我思故我在。但中文「我思故我在」從不代表笛卡兒的思想， 相反的，我思故我在的意思非常深刻，深刻到達了不是5個字(元)的中文可以表達。 於是我今天揣摩了一下笛卡兒是怎麼想的 答案是，笛卡兒認為「I am」，是藉由「我思」而成立的。 我覺得很有道理，如何證明一個人存在，「懷疑自己存不存在」就是思。 而可懷疑這件事可能是可以證明我存在的一種證據。 就是我可以懷疑我存不存在證明了我存在。 所以我思故我在不是我思故我在，是我可以「懷疑我存不存在」證明我可能是存在的 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 這可能是我思故我在更好的翻譯。 不知道我有沒有翻譯得更好？